`` The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow `` How Did Irving And...

â€Å"In this by-place of nature there abode, in a remote period of American history, that is to say, some thirty years since, a worthy wight of the name of Ichabod Crane† (Washington Irving, â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow†, 1820). How did Irving and Sedgwick use American history in their writings? Well into the early 19th Century the idea of ‘The American’ was far reserved from what we recognize now, due in a large part to the the lack of a credible sense of culture and history emitted from the settlers. Whilst the Revolution had asserted their independence from Great Britain and the rest of Europe, they still fundamentally relied on their exports for culture, and in particular their literature. This presented an odd dichotomy for the American†¦show more content†¦Additionally, it is imperative to consider how the omittance and fictionalization of history and society, with direct reference to Irving’s Sleepy Hollow, might influence and comment on the concept of American culture. In both Sleepy Hollow, and Hope Leslie, Irving and Sedgwick intrinsically weave in factual American history for a multitude of purposes that ultimately, if not for the more fanciful fictitious elements (particularly in Sleepy Hollow), allow both novels to be presented as historical fiction. This is pertinent because, as has been mentioned before, the notion of crafting ‘American history’ was foreign and somewhat perverse. However in response to a growing demand, both authors seek to embellish the history of their young nation to create a sense of truly American culture. This is immediately apparent in a number of ways; firstly both books are set on the East coast of the United states, an area with established civilisation. By doing this, Irving and Sedgwick seek to impress upon the reader the establishment of culture through the invention of a literature that was distinctly American, which previous critics such as Edward Everett had implied as merely being ‘Englis h’ and therefore non-existent. (North American Review, 1821) Contrasting Sleepy Hollow with the numerous other

Sample Weak Supplemental Essay for Duke University

What should you avoid when writing a supplemental essay for college admission? Duke Universitys Trinity College offers applicants the opportunity to write a supplemental essay that answers the question: Please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something in particular at Duke that attracts you? Please limit your response to one or two paragraphs. The question is typical of many supplemental essays. Essentially, the admissions folks want to know why their school is of particular interest to you. Such questions often generate remarkably bland essays that make common  supplemental essay mistakes. The example below is one example of what not to do. Read the short essay, and then a critique highlighting some of the mistakes made by the author. Example of ​aWeak Supplemental Essay I believe the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences at Duke is an excellent match for me. I believe college should not be merely a gateway to the work force; it should educate the student in a variety of subjects and prepare him or her for the range of challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in life. I have always been a curious person and enjoy reading all kinds of literature and nonfiction. In high school I excelled in history, English, AP psychology, and other liberal arts subjects. I have not yet decided on a major, but when I do, it will almost certainly be in the liberal arts, such as history or political science. I know that Trinity College is very strong in these areas. But regardless of my major, I want to receive a broad education that spans a variety of areas in the liberal arts, so that I will graduate as not only a viable job prospect, but also as a well-rounded and learned adult who can make diverse and valuable contributions to my community. I believe Duke’s Trinity College will help me grow and become that kind of person. Critique of the Duke Supplemental Essay The sample supplemental essay for  Duke  is typical of what an admissions office frequently encounters. At first glance, the essay may seem just fine. The grammar and mechanics are solid, and the writer clearly wants to expand his or her education and become a well-rounded person. But think about what the prompt is actually asking: discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something  in particular at Duke  that attracts you? The assignment here is not to describe why you want to go to college. The admissions office is asking you to explain why you want to go to Duke. A good response, then, must discuss specific aspects of Duke that appeal to the applicant. Unlike a  strong supplemental essay, the sample essay above fails to do so. Think about what the student says about Duke: the school will educate the student in a variety of subjects and present a range of challenges and opportunities. The applicant wants a broad education that spans a variety of areas. The student wants to be well-rounded and to grow. These are all worthwhile goals, but they dont say anything that is unique to Duke. Any comprehensive university offers a variety of subjects and helps students to grow. Also, by talking about the student and using phrases such as him or her, the author makes clear that the essay is presenting generalities rather than creating a clear and specific relationship between Duke and the applicant. A successful supplemental essay must clearly articulate what specific features of the school make it the right match for your personality, passions, and professional goals. The admissions folks need to see a clear and sensible reason for your desire to transfer. Is Your Supplemental Essay Specific Enough? As you write your supplemental essay, take the global replace test. If you can take your essay and substitute the name of one school for another, then you have failed to address the essay prompt adequately. Here, for example, we could replace Dukes Trinity College with the University of Maryland or Stanford or Ohio State. Nothing in the essay is actually about Duke. In short, the essay is filled with vague, generic language. The author demonstrates no specific knowledge of Duke and no clear desire actually to attend Duke. The student who wrote this supplemental essay probably hurt his or her application more than helped it.

What Courses Do Chemical Engineering Students Take

Are you interested in studying chemical engineering? Heres a look at some of the courses chemical engineering students are expected to take in college. The actual courses you would take depend on which institution you attend, but expect to take a lot of math, chemistry, and engineering courses. Youll also study environmental sciences and materials. Many engineers take classes in economics and ethics, too. BiologyCalculusComputer ScienceDifferential EquationsElectronicsEngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringGeneral ChemistryGeometryMaterialsMechanicsOrganic ChemistryPhysical ChemistryPhysicsReactor DesignReactor KineticsStatisticsThermodynamics Typical Course Requirements Chemical engineering usually is a four-year degree, requiring 36 hours of coursework. The specific requirements vary from one institution to another, so here are some examples: Princetons School of Engineering and Applied Science requires: 9 engineering courses4 math courses2 physics courses1 general chemistry course1 computer class1 general biology courseDifferential equations (math)Organic chemistryAdvanced chemistryElectives in science and the humanities What Makes It Special? Studying chemical engineering opens opportunities not only for engineering, but also for biomechanical science, modeling, and simulations. Courses specific to chemical engineering can include: Polymer scienceBioengineeringSustainable energyExperimental biologyBiomechanicsAtmospheric physicsElectrochemistryDrug developmentProtein folding Examples of areas of chemical engineering specialization include: BioengineeringBiotechnologyMicroelectronicsEnvironmental engineeringEngineering mechanicsMaterials scienceNanotechnologyProcess dynamicsThermal engineering Now that you know what courses a chemistry major takes, you may be wondering why you should consider a career in engineering. There are several good reasons to study engineering.

Parole Officers And The Prison System - 843 Words

The world we live is constantly changing whether we are on the streets or in the prison system. Society doesn’t understand that being in the prison is the almost the same as being on the streets. For instance, there are inmates that sell drugs and rob and kill people and cover it up just as if they were on the streets. There are correctional officers that work there, but they can’t observe everything that goes on in the prison system. This is one of the reasons that being a parole officer would be a good job to have. The streets are already bad enough so taking some of the bad guys off the streets can help get the community back under control. Parole officer not only help in the streets the help in the court house. Parole officers can help the judge make decisions on what the inmate should be given whether its freedom or jail time. Parole officers have allot of offenders to keep in contact with when they have not had contact with the offender this becomes a violation and their parole can be revoked. (https://pap.georgia.gov/parole-violations-revocations) In the past few years I have seem allot of inmates in back in prison because they could not follow the guidelines for parole and they were sent back to prison to finish their sentence. When an offender applies for parole a form filled and sent to his counselor which sends it on to parole. When the parole board looks at an inmate, they look at everything especially his disciplinary history this isShow MoreRelatedProbation Parole And Probation Case Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages History of Parole and Probation Jindarat Innuan Student #0913685 CCJ 1020 Hillsborough Community College Prof. Leonardo Cadogan November 26th, 2014 The purpose of this research paper is to discuss about Parole and Probation in America. The paper is going to focus on the past, present and future of parole and probation. This paper includes discussion of Parole and Probation Officers, as well as why some states so longer utilize parole, including Florida. This paper will also include personalRead MoreDefining Accreditation675 Words   |  3 PagesAccreditation is defined as a verification system in which correctional agencies must comply with under the American Correctional Association. Privatization brings about competition between prisons and jails in the community. As a result, prisons and jails are encouraged to make improvements as deemed necessary. In addition to affecting prisons and jails, accreditation and privatization also has an effect on the professional development of corrections officers. In recent years, the correctional administrationRead MoreCorrectional Facilities and Environments1166 Words   |  5 Pagescriminal justice system as many individuals who are convicted of offenses are normally placed on probation rather than being sent to prison. In other cases, convicted criminals who have served their jail terms are usually released on parole. In addition to meeting other requirements, criminals are required to stay out of trouble during parole and probation periods. In order to prevent offenders from committing new offenses; probation, parole, and correctional treatments officers and specialists areRead MoreProbation Is A Sentence That Is Given To Offenders Instead920 Words   |  4 PagesWhen given probation you must meet with an assigned probation officer on a regular basis. Probation dates back to English common law. The first probation officer was recognized by the Supreme Court in 1841. Before parole and probation punishments were very harsh, and often lead to death. Over time we have developed these two systems to punish individuals, but at the same time help them learn how to live in the current society. Parole eventually came in 1888. A few years later we began an earlyRead MoreRace, Ethnicity And Gender1660 Words   |  7 Pagesoffenders are discriminated because their race in parole decision making process. Parole is permanently or temporarily release from prison or from offender’s sentence. There are three types of parole releases: discretionary release, mandatory and unconditional release. The primary focus will be on discretionary release and what factors come to play when board members make a decision for a parole. There is no definite evidence that there is racism in parole because the results of the studies are complexRead MoreRehabilitation Paper1578 Words   |  7 Pagesprevious form. In criminal justice, rehabilitation is referred as a des igned attempt to change attitudes and behaviors of inmates, concentrating on the prevention of an inmates future criminal behaviors (Seiter, 2011). Since the creation of prisons, the focus on prisons in the United States was based on redemption. Inmates were expected to read the Bible and reflect on their offenses. As time progressed, labor by inmates became a main focus due to the demands of products created by inmates. During theRead MorePrison Management Strategies The principal goal of prison management is social control.1300 Words   |  6 Pages Prison Management Strategies The principal goal of prison management is social control. Institutional security and the personal safety of staff and inmates is the outcome to a well-managed prison, where both the level of routine misconduct by individual inmates and the occurrence of episodic group disturbances signal the breakdown of management’s ability to exert effective control. Population Reduction Measures Even though the state is expected to obtain savings once this policy is in full effectRead MoreProbation Orientation Meetings And The Criminal Justice Field865 Words   |  4 PagesOrientation Meetings are held on a monthly basis at the District Office as apart to help reentry initiatives. While in an informal setting, a probation officer and the sentencing judge explains the conditions, requirements and answer question. This assist the offender in understanding what is required to successfully complete probation. Probation and Parole is apart of community policing that deals with ethics, integrity, values. This promotes and supports organization strategies to address the causeRead MoreUnited States Parole Program Compared To Australia And1546 Words   |  7 Pages United States Parole Program Compared to Australia and Canada Angela K. Varner University of Cincinnati School of Criminal Justice Seminar in Community Corrections April 19, 2017 â€Æ' Abstract Each country across the globe has its unique ways to deal with criminals. Most of their criminal justice systems include some form of parole for individuals who have completed their sentences, in order to maintain some form of control over them while they readjust to life outside prison. This article willRead MoreReentry and the American Prison System1613 Words   |  6 Pages With the dramatic increase in the prison population since the 1970’s, the number of people released from prison has also seen a steady increase. In 2009, almost 730,000 people were released from state and federal prisons, an increase of more than 20 percent since 2000. Those newly released are often condemned by their time in prison and usually have to deal with a loss of social standing. The transitioning process can present various challenges for them including but not limited to reconnecting

Identification of Bloodstain Patterns Free Essays

The analysis of bloodstain patterns can be a decisive part of a forensic investigation. The patterns of bloodstains may concur with or challenge the sworn statements of witnesses, victims, and suspects. Such bloodstain patterns simply identify the source of the blood and the direction of the blood’s flight path, but during the process, the events of the crime can be reconstructed with reasonable accuracy. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Bloodstain Patterns or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unfortunately, the old method of analyzing bloodstain patterns, which uses strings, requires much time and effort. It is also subject to human error. To reduce human error, mathematical calculations are used instead, along with a computer software program known as Back Track. Yet, a three-dimensional representation of the results of bloodstain analysis will be more convincing in any court representation. Therefore, in an effort to revolutionize this aspect of forensic investigation, a concerted effort by four researchers from three agencies, Ottawa Police Service, Carleton University and Royal Canadian Mounted Police, was conducted using the AutoCAD software. The researchers were Kevin Maloney, A. L. Carter, Scott Jory, and Brian Yamashita. The results of their studies were reported in an article published by the Journal of Forensic Investigation, in 2005, volume 55, issue 6, and pages 711 to 725. The article attempts to demonstrate how the combined use of AutoCAD and Back Track programs can create three-dimensional representations of a bloodstain analysis. Summary and Critique The overall purpose of Maloney, Carter, Jory, and Yamashita is to explore the possibility of creating a three-dimensional representation of an analysis of bloodstain patterns. They utilize a simulated crime scene that is typically used at the Canadian Police College. The choice of this crime scene is to have known bloodstain patterns with which the results of the combination of Back Track and AutoCAD can be compared. Both the impact angles and the glancing angles of the bloodstain trajectories were incorporated into the program. The comparison shows that the computerized calculations of virtual strings created by the Back Track program match the known location of the blood source, with an average error of six centimeters only. These results prove the precision abilities of the said software. However, a major weakness of this study is its unquestionable reliance on the Back Track program. This program has many limitations and it was even pointed out later in 2006 by Andy Maloney (the relationship to one of the researchers is not described). For example, the Back Track is incapable of computing angled surfaces (Maloney, 2006). Yet, despite the limitations, the efficacy of using the program is grounded on established theory and supported by experimental validation (Carter, 2001). There would be expected errors but these are assumed to be insignificant in the overall investigation. At the same time, the software is known to undergo updates and modifications. The greatest strength of this research is the launching of a better interface between the laboratory science of the forensic team and the assessment abilities of the court. The AutoCAD program has a feature that locks the virtual strings and enables any user to view them from different perspectives. The three-dimensional representation of the analysis of bloodstain patterns is, as the researchers concluded, â€Å"extremely useful in court presentation† (Maloney, et. al. , 2005, p. 724). This article, as well as the research study that it describes, can be considered as a milestone towards a revolutionary aspect of bloodstain pattern analysis. Instead of numbers presented in tabular form or in picture graphs, the results of the analysis can be presented in three dimensions. In three dimensions, the court presentation becomes more realistic, more convincing, and more enlightening, such that the jury can make better assessments. But this article, as far as the advances in forensic science in general and in bloodstain pattern analysis in particular go, can be considered somewhat obsolete. There are now new software or computer programs that can be utilized to produce the same three-dimensional results (Kanable, 2006). This means that in conducting an analysis of bloodstain patterns, a forensic investigator has other options, aside from the combined use of the Back Track program and the AutoCAD. But this wider range of technological tools does not detract from the greatest significance of this article. This article, in great detail and with diagrams, shows how the observed and calculated data are translated into three dimensions. Thus, this article is a recommended reading for every forensic science student. Bibliography Carter, A. L. (2001). The directional analysis of bloodstain patterns theory and experimental validation. Canadian Society of Forensic Science, 34 (4), 173-189. Kanable, R. (2006). HemoSpat: New bloodstain pattern analysis software to hit the market. Law Enforcement Technology, August issue. Retrieved September 28, 2007 from the website of Officer. com at http://www. officer. com/publication/article. jsp? pubId=1id=32890 Maloney, K. , Carter, A. L. , Jory, S. , Yamashita, B. (2005). Three-dimensional representation of bloodstain pattern analysis. Journal of Forensic Identification, 55 (6), 711-725. How to cite Identification of Bloodstain Patterns, Papers

Deregul;Ation Of The Electrical Industry Essay Example For Students

Deregul;Ation Of The Electrical Industry Essay Deregulation of the Electrical IndustryThe roots of modern day regulation can be traced all the way back to thelate 1800s and found in the form of antitrust. By the beginning of the 20th century, the U.S. government had formed the interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the railroad industry, and shortly thereafter, many other regulatory commissions were founded in the transportation, communication, and securities fields. The main goal of these regulatory commissions was to create a reasonable rate structure that would be appealing to both producers and consumers. While this system has worked for many years, it has recently come under heavy criticism, with many people pushing for open competition among electric power producers. Although once believed to be an impossible proposal, competition among electric power producers is finally a reality in a few areas. Massachusetts is just one state where legislation implemented to create competition among electric power producers is not only favored by the people of the state, but has also provided significant rate reductions as well. The attempt at regulating price in the electric industry is a troublesome one. The objective is not only to minimize the cost to consumers, but also to create a rate structure that will entice the electric company to remain in the industry. The regulatory commission wants the electric company to have a reason to innovate so that they will be able to provide cheaper power in the future. However, if the commission captures all gains from innovation in the form of lower pric es, then the electric company has no incentive to undertake any type of innovation. Therefore, a compromise must be reached which would provide adequate incentives for firms to undertake cost-reducing actions while at the same time ensuring that the price for consumers is not exorbitant. The term regulation refers to government controlled restrictions on firm decisions over price, quantity, and entry and exit. Each factor of an industry must be regulated for producers and consumers to truly benefit. The control of price does not mean setting one fixed price, but rather entails the creation of a price structure for purchasing electricity during peak and non-peak times. The control of quantity refers to the governments attempt to control the amount produced or in this case the amount of electricity produced. For example, in the electric industry, it does not make sense to have a lot of small power plants produce electricity. However, at the same time one company can not be allowed to monopolize the industry and set prices at its own discretion. Another factor in this problem is the control of entry and exit in the electric industry. By controlling who can enter the industry, the government can control who produces the electricity and how much of it they produce. However, the effectiveness of regulation has begun to be questioned, and created the evolution of a more competitive market. Ever since the Public Utility Act of 1935, which in turn created the Federal Power Commission, the role of electric utility regulation and its effectiveness has been questioned. Since that act was passed into legislation, the question has always remained: has electric regulation made a difference? Major studies done throughout the 20th century found conflicting results. A study published in 1962 and conducted by Stigler and Friedland compared the price of electricity in states with regulation to the price in states without regulation. However, at the time all states had electric re gulation, so Stigler and Friedland had to go back to the 1920s and 1930s to find states without regulationTheir finding was as expected. In 1922, the average price of electricity was 2.44 cents per kilowatt-hour in states with regulation. However, in states without regulation, the average price increased to 3.87 cents per kilowatt-hour. While many would say that prices could vary for reasons other than regulation, Stigler and Friedland controlled the analysis of other variables and found that no significant difference in price existed. Other critics felt that this study was done in a time when regulation was just getting started, and that regulators in the present day are more effective. Two other studies which found different results were those conducted by Meyer and Leland and another done by Greene and Smiley. In their study, which used data from 1969 and 1974, Meyer and Leland utilized econometric estimates of demand and costs to find hypothetical unregulated prices. Their concl usion was that the regulated prices were significantly lower, but that even lower prices were demanded. In a similar study conducted by Greene and Smiley, they found that unregulated prices were 20-50% higher than actual regulated prices. Although these studies seem to reach conclusions that support regulation, the alternative finding by Leland and Meyer that even lower prices were demanded seems to be an indication towards open competition among electric producers. Soon thereafter, the trend toward competition between electric producers began to emerge. Life And Times Of Alexander The Great EssayHowever, even though the law seems to have many more benefits than it does negatives, it has come under recent criticism. Many opponents of the law feel it is not doing its designed purpose, and consumer backlash was so great that Issue 4 asking whether or not the law should be repealed. An organization called The Campaign for Fair Electric Rates, backed by failed congressional candidate John OConnor and consumer advocate Ralph Nader, led the effort to repeal the law, calling it the biggest consumer rip-off in Massachusetts history. The big issue involved in the attempted repeal was lawmaker reneging on their promise to protect consumers by allowing utilities to recover 100% of their bad investments. Because deregulation will cause some utilities to lose money on investments in power plants or on contracts they made when they expected to keep selling power at a regulated price, the question becomes do they deserve compensation for these st randed costs, which may approach $200 billion nationally? For instance, utilities spent more than $5 billion building the Seabrook nuclear plant in New Hampshire, which produces 1,150 megawatts. In contrast, private developers have proposed more than 50 new plants, which combined would produce 30,000 megawatts, and the cost of these projects is estimated at slightly more than $15 billion. The utilities argue that public regulators approved those expenses and that the state can not back out on them now, stating that many plants have already begun to implement the new law, including selling most of their power plants. Repealing the law now, they argue, would create utter chaos. Therefore, a provision was written into the law allowing for utilities to recover all of their stranded costs over a 10-year transition period. While proponents of the law were hoping for a 30% rate reduction, of which two-thirds would have come from consumers not having to pay for most of the utilities strande d investments, they will now have to settle for a guaranteed 15% rate cut, hopefully with more to come through competition. The question now on everyones mind is: has the law served its purpose and reduced electric rates? In a study done by Standard and Poors DRI entitled Economic and Environmental Analysis of the New Massachusetts Electricity Law, and released on September 2, 1998, it found that the new has triggered substantial economic and environmental benefits. According to the study, electric rates will decline by almost 28% by the year 2010 as a direct result of retail competition and industry restructuring. The DRI, a conservative report when compared to others, predicts that consumers will save $470 million in 1998 alone, and increases that estimate to at least $550 million per year in future years as a result of the new law. Also, the study predicts the Commonwealth to achieve higher economic output and employment growth triggered by the estimated $10 billion consumers and businesses will save on electricity costs. By 2010, there will be over 60,000 more jobs, a $19.6 billion gain in consumers cumulative real discretionary income, and lower price inflation. All of this forecasting appears to put the law in a favorable light, but many want to know how its working now. According to the Massachusetts Electric Company, its 970,000 customers have saved a total of $67 million on their electricity bills in the first six months of the new electricity law. On September 1, savings for the companys customers increased to more than 15%, or a total savings of $25 million per month, one full year ahead of the required rate cut. This was due to the companys affiliates selling their power plants. SummaryBy examining the early results of the Massachusetts Electricity Law, along with projections such as the ones provided by Standard and Poor, one can determine that the deregulation of the electric industry has been long overdue. The deregulation of the electrical industry proves that any industry can and should be deregulated. It also proves that competition of the utility companys is in the best interest of society as a whole and that no industry should be allowed to exist without it. Economics Essays

Tori Amos - Strange Little Girls free essay sample

ToriAmos is known for writing songs about everything from religion to rape, but shedecided to do something different for her sixth album, Strange LittleGirls. On it, Tori covers 12 songs written by men mostly for or aboutwomen in which she sings from the perspective of the women. She has taken songsby Depeche Mode, Neil Young, The Beatles and even Eminem and turned them intoher own. For each, Amos has imagined a different woman. At times shes acharacter straight from the lyrics, at other times, she may be entirely a Toricreation. For each song, on the liner notes, there is a coinciding imageof Amos dressed as the songs character. She also worked with Neil Gaiman toinvent a group of short stories about each character. For example, the cover ofEminems ? Bonnie Clyde is told from the point of view of themother who is about to be dumped off a bridge by her own husband anddaughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Tori Amos Strange Little Girls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For Tori Amos fans, Strange Little Girls is achange, but I think it features the same old Tori. She still gives her inspiringbeam of womanhood and individuality. Her voice still captivates and amazes thosewho listen to her. If you dont already own Strange LittleGirls because youre leery about what it will be like, I suggest you getit. Tori Amos doesnt disappoint.